European Commission officials asked cloud providers how easily they could replace VMware, a step that could precede a formal case over Broadcom's licensing changes.
From October 1, EU developers move to one set of terms, can offer Apple's payment system alongside their own, and pay tiered rates set by distribution channel.
The order keeps the Commission's probe into VMware bundling, pricing and lock-in on track and, citing EU case law, says advice from in-house lawyers qualified outside the EU is not shielded.
The Commission fined Google €460 million for favouring its own shopping, hotel, transport and sports results and €430 million for Play anti-steering rules.
Two binding DMA decisions give competing assistants Gemini-level Android access and hand anonymised Google Search data to rival engines and AI chatbots.
